Different documents carry different risk
Buyers often hear title deed, cession, offer letter, agreement of sale, and transfer used as if they mean the same thing. They do not. Each document sits at a different stage of ownership or occupation, so the verification process should match the property type and seller's legal position.
| Term | Plain meaning |
|---|---|
| Title deed | A formal ownership record for registered property. |
| Cession | A transfer route often used where rights are held through a council, developer, or authority before title. |
| Agreement of sale | The contract setting out price, parties, property, conditions, and timelines. |
| Power of attorney | Authority for someone to act for an owner, often important when the owner is away. |
| Rates clearance | Evidence needed in many transactions to show municipal obligations have been dealt with. |
Questions buyers should ask
- Who is the registered owner or rights holder?
- Is the seller the owner, an heir, a company representative, an agent, or a proxy?
- Are there bonds, caveats, disputes, deceased estate issues, or family objections?
- Are rates, levies, water, ZESA, or association charges outstanding?
- Which conveyancer or authority will process transfer or cession?
- What conditions must be met before the balance is paid?
Use professional help
This guide is educational, not legal advice. Property transactions should be reviewed by a qualified conveyancer or legal practitioner before major payments are made.
Author
HouseLink Editorial Team
Property resources team
Practical property guidance from the HouseLink Zimbabwe team.
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